Risk and Perception Analysis for Communities - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRisk and Perception Analysis for Virtual Communities. Answer: Critical summary This paper reflects upon the highlighted points raised by Clarke in his theory of Societal attitudes towards risk. The risk is often remarked as the proportionate measure of the degree of magnitude along with probability in adverse circumstances. Since, long-time people have been facing this issue. Instead, it is seen as the apparent inability of the people to cope reasonably with the surrounding environment. It is prominently forecasted as the management problem for the disturbed ability. People are not able to identify and carry out the proceedings as per the requirements (Clark, 1980). As a result, to cope up with the aforesaid the nature of risk and their respective ways of occurrence must be scrutinized. Risk cannot be eliminated but it can be controlled so that harm caused is also less. It is only possible when completeness and certainties attached to the frames of traditional science is studied. To analyse the chaos of risk in society, the fundamental need for the individuals is to mandate, appraise and inescapably structure the contradictory and partial knowledge so that more fair outcomes can be achieved. Furthermore, Clarke stated that the understanding of risk shall be on the grounds of policy investigation instead of embedded science. The learnings derived forecasts that the societal abilities to manage the risk of unknown are completely based upon the parameters of flexibility associated with the respective individuals. The society must be capable enough to experiment the new alternatives which could minimise the propensity of risk. Further, it was also added by Clarke that the societal outcomes are incompetent to manage the risk due to which the health of people started degrading in the real world scenarios. It was critically reviewed that the society needs to show positive aspects to co-operate with the people in create benefit for them. The societal attitude towards risk is completely based upon the dimensions of attitudes, values, social influences and elements of cultural identity. Individuals are surrounded by quantum of fears which formulates risk such as fear of injury, loss as well as unknown. However, personal risk is recognised as a conventional part of life. The gap lies in the behaviour pattern and extended response between the groups of society. Apparently, people react in diversified manner when the decisions are made involuntarily since the respective choices are not fulfilled. The society is always expected to have diverse views on the benchmark of voluntary and involuntary acquaintance which is damaging to the societal function. Risk in the nature of people stops them from showing good behaviour in the environment. According to Clarke the fear among them people prohibits them from changing their attitude and reacting to these changes in a positive manner, and this aspect creates societal issue. The attitude of society towards risk assessment is a complex nature of decision making. There is no stated process to bring along dictatorship where the progression involved is simple. Significantly, as per Clarkes theory the weightage of social cost involved must be studied and weighted as per the necessity. Even in the organised society, difficulty arises on the parameter of responsibility and accountability. The hierarchy of priority must be arranged as per the channels of value systems. The analysis of risk is outlined on magnitudes of limited data, statistics and composed cases. Responsibility and accountability are two most important aspects in this case that were being overlooked in the environment. In an organized society, the people do not hold up to take responsibility of the events and become accountable for the work done by them as well. Certainly, not all the threats can be sized up with equal accuracy and precision. Also, the events which pertain to hazards interact with the social, institutional, psychological along with many cultural processes. The empirical study of Clarke investigated the purposeful relationship among the numerous set of profound variables which enter into deepening the process. Some of them are quantum of press coverage, physical consequences, public responses and perceptions of public responses as well as various party-political and socioeconomic impacts. The points raised by Clarke takes into account that many social and perception based responses are further strongly related to exposure of risk rather than magnitude. The work on the collection of contemporary risk is bound to have some elements of contradiction. However, to appreciate this problem a preview on antiquity of societal risk valuation would be beneficial. Clarke abbreviated the notion of societal risk assessment by WITCH HUNTING. It was realised that inquisition has provided some rapid advancement, exciting work along with worldwide recognition. The society has for long claimed witches under the prominent label for the cause of their respective unknown fear. The studies of modern science focus upon the defence making functions against the self-delusion which relies upon the essence of dangerous enquiry. Further, it was evaluated that the modern science theory lays emphasis on lack of the instincts of people to actually understand the complexity of the issue and initiate activities according to that. The second point raised in the context of natural and environmental resources which insights the elementary nature of risk. The overall vision behind this serene is based on the conceptualization that river which brings irrigation, water and transport also brings along flood. The failure to deal with the effect will not lead to the ambiguities in future suffering instead it will be inclined towards the immediate consequences of undernourishment, sinking and ingestion. Thus, it was concluded that the natural things that helps the human in their sustainable living also holds the capacity to destroy the basic functional activities of people.The societal attitude towards such sort of environmental risk is widely dependent upon the modifications in human behaviour. The mode of adaption is often found to be irrational and mystical in nature. The individuals frequently exhibit the distinguished virtues as being affected within a span of time. With the advent of modern upbringings in society , the attitude is tending to pursue an entirely opposite course of alteration, monitoring and falling with the variability of the nature. Numerous engineering projects are prepared by the means of extended capital raised. The resultant was these projects have been undoubtedly succeeded in attaining varied amount of short term goals. To overcome with the danger, measures were taken to control the flow of normal river variations. Now, the society has discovered comprehensive strategies which need to be devised. Moreover, it was also revealed by Clarkes that human being later aimed to find the causes and the resolutions for such degrading natural events. (Romm, Pliskin and Clarke, 1997). People now are more conscious towards the disease of cleanliness to safeguard themselves from the fatal repercussions of diseases. To fight with majority of polio cases, immunization and various booster campaigns are practiced in society. On the contrary, it is also evident that unawareness still remai ns to be more extensive than knowledge in the society. The designing of resource management techniques is must so that failures can be faced in much better way. Thus, it should be noted that now people have become more conscious and they have started performing activities that reflect positive outcomes on the environment. This aspect is improving the state of environment involves the management of resources and securing it for the future generation. If these resources are managed properly then only the future generation would be able to see it and make use of it. Lastly, the limited propagation of drug safety has been addressed by Clarke. It was indicated on degree of risk is limited to the individuals who seeks the adjoined benefits. Moreover, the risk to be adopted must be under the surveillance of trained professional in order to balance the factors of benefits, risks and alternatives available. Also, the form of risk shall be evaluated and investigated through the road map of various experiments. In todays era, people opt for zero risk approach and are much conscious to recheck the content and date of expiry. This is done in order to safeguard themselves from the unanticipated side effects of such drugs. Proper testing procedures are applied before drugs enter the marketplace. The world now needs techniques that are less expensive and provide better results when applied in the nature. To gain the societal interest, the policy of proportional evaluation of supervisory performed needs to be judged upon. The forthcoming studies shall be empi rically based upon what kind of risks the current testing processes is prone to catch. I would like to conclude in context of learnings gained, that to the extent of widely scale colossal protocols can be avoided: the risk could be possibly managed. Government can lay down the more specific procedures in order to act as advisor of information. Also, subsequent competitive strategies and procedure must be designed so that multiple alternatives can be framed. The evaluation and comparison of actual performance needs to be addressed at proper gaps. With the modernisation in this phase, individual are more proactive to cope up as compared to previous experiences of risk, fear and threat. The extended future of risk will be more reasonable endeavour than its relevant past only if it is tactfully managed. References: Clark, W.C. (1980) Witches, floods, and wonder drugs: historical perspectives on risk management. InSocietal Risk Assessment(pp. 287-318). Springer, Boston, MA. Romm, C., Pliskin, N. and Clarke, R., (1997) Virtual communities and society: Toward an integrative three phase model.International journal of information management,17(4), pp.261-270.